Continental Airlines Essays - Continental Airlines, United Airlines

Continental Airlines What words come to mind when you think of Continental Airlines? Successful company, preferred airline, good service, on-time airline, top carrier, financially solvent, happy employees. These are all true; however, this was not always the case. Just six short years ago, probably not one of those descriptions would even be said in the same breath as Continental Airlines. In fact, in 1994, Continental was facing its third bankruptcy; that bankruptcy would have been the final blow to take this airline down for the last time. Employees were disgruntled about their work environment, their pay, and their airline; they had even taken pay-cut after pay-cut in an effort to keep the airline afloat. Customers did not think much more of the company, as Continental was considered simply the worst among the nation's ten biggest airlines. Continental Airlines is now recognized as one of Fortune Magazine's "100 Best Companies to Work for in America," even moving up from the 40th position to a very respectable number 23 on the list in 1999 (a particularly satisfying award for a company of over 50,000 employees). Continental is also now considered to be a respected airline and company, not only in the airline industry but also across all industries both nationally and worldwide. This metamorphosis came about because of a team of individuals who took a hard look at the condition of the company. They considered where the company had been and where it could go. At that point in time, the possibilities were two; Continental could continue on the road it was on (and probably end up in its third bankruptcy and possibly the end of an airline) or undergo some major changes in the hopes of creating a really great airline. As the story goes, the Board of Directors of Continental Airlines went out on a limb and hired a gutsy, plain-speaking ex-Navy aircraft mechanic who was armed with a few commonsense notions about good management and who possessed the courage to look past the bottom line, managed to motivate his people to bold new heights of excellence and win back this company's long-lost customer base. This person, armed with a down-to-earth basic recipe for turning a company around, was and is Gordon Bethune. Change does not come about overnight, nor does it come easily. As stated by Merriam-Webster, change is "to make different in some particular fashion; to give a different position, course, or direction to; to replace with another; to make a shift from one to another; to exchange for an equivalent sum or comparable item; to undergo a modification of." Management is defined as the "act or art of managing; the conducting or supervising of something (as a business); judicious use of means to accomplish an end; the collective body of those who manage or direct an enterprise." (Merriam-Webster) These things all happened at Continental Airlines beginning in 1995 under the direction of Gordon Bethune. Gordon, as he is known to all of his employees from the second in command down to the newest ramp agent, is a leader who is about his people and his product. He is a feisty, plain-speaking man who fought for the position as Chief Executive Officer. After ten leaders in ten years, the Board of Continental had only wanted someone to be a figurehead for the company. They were not looking for a "leader;" they had had ten of those already. The Board simply wanted someone to "take over." So, they let Gordon take over for the next ten days until the next board meeting; at that point, he would have a chance to address the Board and some decision would be made. What a timeline; what stress. Gordon knew the company needed dramatic change in every conceivable way. His first step was an easy one; he stuck a wedge under the once-locked, video camera monitored doors of the executive suite. This was the equivalent of hanging an "under new management" sign in the window of a restaurant. It was a start, as well as a testament to his style of management and to the culture he longed to see at Continental. Bethune spent the next ten days holed up with Greg Brenneman, then a consultant for Continental and now the President and Chief Operating Officer, to come up with a plan to present at the board meeting. Greg's background was in turning companies around and Gordon quickly recognized his talents in doing just that and wanted his partnership in this turnaround attempt. What an "attempt" this would be. For this

Good Health Essays

Good Health Essays Good Health Essay Good Health Essay Physical appearance: A topic of little concern? In recent years our society has identified the importance of being healthy with being beautiful. Moreover, lifestyle, diet and exercise have been shown to have a profound impact on people’s health, both in the short term and over the course of a life time. In their pursuit of physical attractiveness, human beings think immediately of good health and shapeliness. For some, appearance is a superficial matter and a topic of little concern as they believe there are more important matters in their lives, whereas for others, the importance of one’s good appearance is – or should be – and important short-term goal. According to a survey report based on the matter of how important physical appearance is, it was confirmed that for a good number of people having a positive physical image is a topic not worthy of undue discussion. Although they are aware that being beautiful has an advantage professionally or socially, they can clearly distinguish their body image from their personal characteristics. : Thus, working out all day long in the gym and going on weight-reducing stressful diets have become the most important rule of what not to do. Accordingly, they define beauty as every quality that a person has, which not only includes physical qualities but inner qualities, too. This includes treating the body, mind and spirit as a whole. Physical attractiveness, then, is not a topic to be ignored but just a component to be taken into account. On the other hand, there is an opposite attitude towards one’s appearance. In comparison with the less attractive, some people seem obsessed about their body image since they believe that a person with good looks is liked more, is attributed more socially desirable characteristics and receives better jobs. In a recent survey of Psychology Today, doctors state that people who are happy with their bodies may be more confident and likeable than those who have a negative body image. Unfortunately, they also explain that for some people having a good look is seen as a crucial aspect in their lives and that instead of having a healthy life they may prefer to become slaves to their own bodies. In conclusion, people will have to reassess their way of living and question whether having almost a perfect look is acceptable. At the same time we have to say that it is true that people look for a good-looking appearance but it is also true that their intellectual abilities are equally important. Personally, I believe that people should try to keep an appropriate balance between being healthy and being beautiful. Although it is terribly negative to be obsessed with one’s appearance, it is very important to be well-groomed and especially careful about one’s health.

Study Habit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Study Habit - Essay Example ts college because I plan my studying ahead of time, I no longer procrastinate, and I communicate with my teacher and peers regarding schoolwork, while in high school, I study only when there is an exam, I wait until almost deadline before writing, and I have communication anxiety with my teachers regarding schoolwork. I can do better with my college study habits by practicing more effective note-taking that fits my learning style as a visual learner and including study habits that can improve the originality of my writing. In high school, I do not plan ahead when studying, while in college, I schedule my studying activities. High school is more lax for me, where I study only when there are upcoming exams. As a high school student, my time is consumed through completing assignments, performing extra-curricular activities, and spending time with friends and family. College has changed my perspective in studying where I learned the role of planning to the efficient management of numerous class assignments and activities. I prepare myself for test days by seeing each piece of homework as an opportunity to study deeper. I study deeper through doing extra reading on the topic and asking and answering questions related to it. For example, in one of my classes, my teacher discussed writing strategies. I wanted to know more about punctuations that are used for rhetorical emphasis, so I studied that on my own. In order to study more comprehensively and intensively, I plan my studying schedule by breaking down r eading materials and assigning specific dates and times for reading and note-taking. I already have a mobile application for scheduling my studying activities that even remind me an hour before of that activity. This application helps me organize schoolwork more efficiently. I organize my life now according to studying needs and not organize studying according to social life needs. Through these activities, I am mentally and psychologically prepared of my future

American History Week 3 #12 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American History Week 3 #12 - Article Example peared in a number of radical newspapers and magazines such as Common Sense, which had almost half a million ridership.  He continually agitated for consolidation of the working class in a struggle.   Debs speeches were permeated with a few basic motifs - a huge wall separating the class of exploiters from the working masses, groveling of all authorities of the capitalist state (especially of the courts) in front the ruling class, justifiability of the workers’ struggle against exploitation and oppression, need to unite to get rid of capitalism and creation of a society governed directly by working people. Since the mid 1890’s he had been organizing steadily the socialist movement.  In 1901 he helped to form the Socialist Party, which appeared as a result of merger of three small socialist organizations. However, he so deeply hated factional disputes that subsequently withdrew from the internal struggle in the Socialist Party. Debs had never been a key figure in internal debates and institutional affairs in the party.  His hobby-horse has always been agitation of the working class and the party knew no better public speaker. Between 1900 and 1920 Debs was nominated for the Presidency five times as the Socialist Party candidate.  And for the first time in 12 years the party had certain electoral growth.  In 1908, Debs went to his campaign tour the by train called Red Special, appearing in front of tens of thousands workers.  In the campaign of 1912 Debs brought the party its maximum success gathering about one million votes. While many leaders of the socialists considered elections as an end in itself, Debs used such campaigns to promote the ideas of

Highschool Dropouts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Highschool Dropouts - Research Paper Example Timely solutions are necessary especially since there has not been a substantial improvement in the figures even after the education reforms of the past few decades. Consequently, this essay explores the extend of high school dropout rate while suggesting the possible reasons why many students do not stay in school until graduation in addition to providing possible solutions to end the cycle. Statistics notes the current annual high school dropout figure to be 3,030,000(Education Week, 2013). The high number of high school dropouts in US educational system has not gone unnoticed given the number of national policies that have been put in place over the years to reverse the cycle. The year 1990 recorded a change in the way the state and federal government handled the issue of high school dropouts through adoption of six national goals that were to be achieved by the year 2000. The second goal in the six national goals underlies the government’s commitment towards improving the high school graduation rate up to 90 percent in addition to an undertaking which would see the prevailing gap in high school graduation rates among minority and non-minority students eliminated. The six national goals for the reduction of high school dropout rate has had a significant impact as seen from the decreasing levels of drop outs from 1990s figures of 9 percent for whites, 13.2 percent for African American and 32.4 percent for Hispanic to the 2009 dropout figures of 5.2 percent for whites and 9.6 percent for African American and 17.6 percent for the Hispanic. During the same period, high school dropout rates across gender and race reduced from 12.1 percent to 8.1 (Education Week, 2013) The number of high school dropouts has a significant impact on the social, cultural, political and economic ambitions of a country. The future of any country literary depends on the education of the children since they are future citizens, professionals, and leaders therefore making education the major tool for empowerment of a country’s citizenry in addition to the guaranteed development of personal, economic, and social well-being of the people in a society. Therefore, high drop outs reduce the number of qualified human resource from varied social backgrounds that are necessary for making essential public policies both in political and professional positions. As a consequence, in undertaking the educational journey students should be encouraged to remain in schools up to the graduation time for them to increase their knowledge skills and attitude that will make them adapt to their social responsibility, healthy, and be contributing citizens (Greenberg et al., 2003). Economically, high school dropouts earn lower pays on average compared to those who graduated where male dropouts of ages 25 to 65 had an annual average earning of about $26,400 compared to the average of $35,000 that male high school graduates earn annually which is still lower compared to $40,000 that a male college graduate in the same age bracket earned (Lofstrom, 2008). The current vicious cycle of high school dropout can be explored under different levels considering the fact the statistics are not even across different sex where the percentage of male at 9.1% is more than that of female at 7%, race

Functions Of Higher Education Education Essay

Functions Of Higher Education Education Essay The term higher education is usually used to distinguish courses of study, which result in the award of a degree, Diploma or similar advanced qualification, for various kinds of further education (Lawton and Gordon. 1993). Higher education constitutes the stage of education which starts after 15 years of schooling for the intellectual work and advanced training of students for their effective leadership role in all walks of national life. Tertiary education level is higher than that attainable on completion of a full secondary education. An accepted definition of higher education is that higher education requires as minimum requirements for admission, the successful completion of secondary education or evidence of the acquisition of an equivalent level of knowledge (Terry and Thomas, 1979). Higher education includes all education above level of the secondary school given in Colleges, Universities Graduate Schools, Professional Schools, Technical Colleges and Normal Schools (Good, 1973). Higher education is simply the highest part of the education system, in terms of students progression, the acquisition of education qualifications, its status and its influence over the rest of the educational system. Higher education is said to impart the deepest understanding in the minds of students, rather than the relatively superficial grasp that might be acceptable elsewhere in the system. In higher education, nothing can be taken on trust and the students have to think for themselves so as to be able to stand on their own feet, intellectually speaking (Barnett, 1997). Higher education is thought to advance students to the frontiers of knowledge through their being taught by those who are working in that difficult territory. Sanyal (1982) says that in order to achieve the new international order, there is the need for integrating socio-economic policies with educational policies in each country, as stronger co-operation amongst the third world countries in field of higher education. Development of higher education should not only be contingent upon economic development to achieve the new international order but should promote the development of culture in view often fact that role of science and technology, the life-style and the very sense and value of life under-go changes in the future. Objectives of higher education All over the world the universities are recognised as centres of higher learning, which are considered as expedient agents of development in the nation building. Universities generate, disseminate and utilise knowledge. As primary contributors to economic growth, they produce scientists, engineers, professionals, technicians, scholars, managers and men of exquisite capabilities. The aim of higher education is to meet the socio-cultural and developmental needs of a country. Higher education provides an opportunity for individuals to develop their potential. It fulfils the needs for high-level manpower in a society. Its objectives include cultural and material development. It produces individuals who are morally sound and capable of multifarious roles in the society. It is a medium and vehicle for achieving an objective of higher vision, should endeavours, with commitment and larger spending, in higher education (Govt. Of Pakistan, 1999). A countrys social and economic development depends on the nature and level of higher education. This fact is revealed by the statements and findings concluded by the prominent educationists and decision-makers. In the developed countries, the role of higher education in production of high quality human capital is quite evident. The Governor of the State of Kentucky, Paul Patten, once said, I have staked my success as governor on changing the way we deliver higher education to our people. Education and economic development are the twin rails that will lead us to a higher plateau and help us achieve our goal of raising the standard of living in our state. My experience in creating jobs, as the secretary of the economic development, during my term as lieutenant governor, has helped me focus on the needs of our businesses. Those businesses are the customers of our product: the graduates in higher education. Increased technology and global competition demand that we develop our students s kills and mental capacity so they can share in the tremendous prosperity of our nation. He further emphasized on the quality of higher education and the need for its improvement. He commented, higher education is in trouble. The warning signs could not be clear. Its users (students and families) think it charges a premium price for an increasingly mediocre service. Its primary suppliers (secondary schools) often fail to deliver material that meets minimum standards, and its beneficiaries (employers) often are frustrated by the quality of the finished product (McGill,1992). Quality of higher education The quality of higher education may be enhanced through providing proper professional training to the teachers by revising the existing curricula. Higher education is the most important level of education because it develops the manpower for the country that leads the nation in giving insight into its future ideals, resources, problems, and its solutions. The future of a nation depends largely on the quality of people groomed in the institution of higher education. Students experiences of their learning and the teaching in the subjects they are studying are one of the more ubiquitous sources of information about the quality of teaching for institutions and individual academics. The question of the quality is directly related to the quality of educators, students and the infrastructure provided to them by the educational institutions. The level of competency of teachers, curricula and the standards of students intake are the factors that contributes the most, in the deteriorating quality of higher education. Nevertheless inappropriate funding for student support services, libraries, journals, books, ill equipped laboratories and lack of repair facilities for equipment and non qualified staff are crucial factors in education. Salaries and other allowances consume the university budget, thus, little is left for the items so essential for raising the quality of education. Budgetary constraints, particularly for operation, adversely affect the quality of teaching, especially practical training. While at the level of the institution student: staff ratios (SSRs) may seem to be an inevitable consequence of funding levels, institutions in practice spend funds on buildings, on administration, on central services, on marketing, on teachers undertaking research, and so on, to very varying extents, rather than spending it all on teaching time. Low SSRs offer the potential to arrange educational practices that are known to improve educational outcomes. First, close contact with teachers is a good predictor of educational outcomes (Pascarella and Terenzini, 2005) and close contact is more easily possible when there are not too many students for each teacher to make close contact with. Second, the volume, quality and timeliness of teachers feedback on students assignments are also good predictors of educational outcomes and again this requires that teachers do not have so many assignments to mark that they cannot provide enough, high-quality feedback, promptly. A gain, low SSRs do not guarantee good feedback or feedback from experienced teachers. Meta-analysis of large numbers of studies of class-size effects has shown that the more students there are in a class, the lower the level of student achievement (Glass and Smith, 1978, 1979). Other important variables are also negatively affected by class size, such as the quality of the educational process in class (what teachers do), the quality of the physical learning environment, the extent to which student attitudes are positive and the extent of them exhibiting behaviour conducive to learning (Smith and Glass, 1979). These negative class-size effects are greatest for younger students and smallest for students 18 or over (ibid.), but the effects are still quite substantial in higher education. Lindsay and Paton-Saltzberg (1987) found in an English polytechnic that the probability of gaining an A grade is less than half in a module enrolling 50-60 than it is in a module enrolling less than 20. Large classes have negative effects not only on performance but also on the quality o f student engagement: students are more likely to adopt a surface approach in a large class (Lucas et al., 1996) and so to only try to memorise rather than attempt to understand. The number of class contact hours has very little to do with educational quality, independently of what happens in those hours, what the pedagogical model is, and what the consequences are for the quantity and quality of independent study hours. Independent study hours, to a large extent, reflect class contact hours: if there is less teaching then students study more and if there is more teaching students study less, making up total hours to similar totals regardless of the ratio of teaching to study hours (Vos, 1991). However, some pedagogic systems use class contact in ways that are very much more effective than others at generating effective independent study hours. A review of data from a number of studies by Gardiner (1997) found an average of only 0.7 hours of out-of-class studying for each hour in class, in US colleges. I n contrast each hour of the University of Oxfords tutorials generate on average 11 hours of independent study (Trigwell and Ashwin, 2004). Teachers who have teaching qualifications (normally a Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education, or something similar) have been found to be rated more highly by their students than teachers who have no such qualification (Nasr et al., 1996). This finding was in a context where obtaining such a qualification was largely voluntary, and those who have the qualification might be considered to be different in some way from those who have not, and this could be argued to invalidate the comparison. The difference might concern the extent of professionalism or commitment to teaching, but nevertheless there was no control group in the study. A longitudinal study that overcomes this objection has examined the impact over time on students ratings of their teachers, and on teachers thinking about teaching, of (mainly) compulsory initial training during their first year of university teaching, in eight countries. It found improvements on every scale of the Student E valuation of Educational Q uality, a questionnaire developed in the US (Marsh, 1982) and tested for use in the U K (Coffey and Gibbs, 2000), and improvements in the sophistication of teachers thinking (as measured by the Approaches to Teaching Inventory, a measure of teaching that predicts the quality of student learning, Trigwell et al., 2004). This improvement in measures of teaching quality could not be attributed to mere maturation or experience as teachers in a control group in institutions without any initial training were found to get worse over their first year, on the same measures (Gibbs and Coffey, 2004). Functions of higher education The capacity of a nation to develop economically, socially, politically and culturally derives largely from the power to develop and utilise the capabilities of its people. Higher education thus is considered sine qua non of national development, for it produces the highest level of manpower. In all advanced countries, the universities constitute the main spring of human capital. The most successful discharge of the universities role as a change agent is in the area of science and technology. The training of high-level scientific manpower is a matter of vital national concern. Higher education is today recognised as a capital investment in education. It is considered investment of human capital which increases labour productivity furthers technological innovation and produces a rate of return markedly higher than that of physical capital. Today we find the world divided into developed and developing countries. The dividing line between them is the capacity of educational and scientific attainments and its application for economic progress and prosperity (The World Bank, 1990). In modern times, higher education is considered as a means of human resource development in a society. In advanced countries, universities constitute the main spring of knowledge, ideas and innovations. Today, the most successful discharge of a university as an agent of change is in the area of science and technology. The priming and grooming of high-level professional manpower is a matter of vital concern. As a pathway to socio-economic development in a country, higher education cannot be ignored or given low priority. Higher education in a state of rapid development everywhere in the world as its benefits to the social, economic and cultural life of different communities is realisable. This has led to worldwide exponential expansion of universities and colleges; as many more people are encouraged remaining in education. However there are problems. First, higher education is expensive, and its expansion requires ample resources. Second, rapid expansion raises problems of quality ass urance and control, as increased numbers could so easily lead to a decline in standards. Third, expansion in the developing world often draws upon the resources, ideas and expertise of the developed world, even though these may not always be appropriate for every different economic and social system (North, 1997). Higher education plays an important role in the development of society. Universities for centuries had a crucial role in educating the potential professionals, businessmen, political leaders, religious and social philosophers, who serve the community, enrich its values and develop its resources. Universities are complex organisations with multiple missions and a myriad of roles. A university has the roles of providing of theoretical education and professional training, a developer and a disseminator of new knowledge, a catalyst to shape the practice of management and business and a contributor to the community and the national economy (Khurshid, 1998).

The Destruction of an African Culture :: essays research papers

Taking a glimpse into the lives of natives from the Ibo society in Africa, including villages such as Umuofia, the high regard which is held for traditions is quite evident. It was a way of life. Religion was something that was taken very seriously, regarded as sacred; it helped define many of their customs. These customs were undoubtedly understood throughout the village, and followed without question. With this kind of structured society the specific outcome for any turn of events was made clear, the future was made certain – until a new religion was unexpectedly introduced by the Europeans. The white man’s beliefs flooded the land and changed the course of the forthcoming within their society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The invasion of this new way of life brought about changes, both positive and negative, to the Ibo culture. After the Europeans learned more about the culture of how the Africans worked, they built up a school and hospital in hopes to educate the people and create potential leaders. Here, both young and old were taught to read and write, and the results were quickly evident. Court messengers, clerks and even teachers arose from the educated. The schools expanded in other regions also bringing with them the church and religion. Since faith was the foundation of their education, those who attended the school were taught the way of the white man, including their beliefs, which helped to spread this new form of religion - Christianity. A certain stability was also derived from this new education. â€Å"If Umuofia failed to send her children to the school, strangers would come from other places to rule them.† (Achebe, p181) Knowledge gained would help the people protect themselves against any outsiders. It would give them a better understanding on how to defend themselves both physically and as a people. Since they were a culture based almost solely on what was known to them from past experiences, and being unsure of the outside, they would have had no defense against any intruders coming into their land. Examples of this are highly evident in the case of the white man coming in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The introduction of such a religion also brought about many â€Å"personal† changes, good and bad, to the people of this area. Equality was something unperceived by the Africans. They had a certain standard for living. Some people were considered outcasts by society and forbidden fellowship with the free man; twins were given up to the Evil Forest for death and thought of as evil. The Destruction of an African Culture :: essays research papers Taking a glimpse into the lives of natives from the Ibo society in Africa, including villages such as Umuofia, the high regard which is held for traditions is quite evident. It was a way of life. Religion was something that was taken very seriously, regarded as sacred; it helped define many of their customs. These customs were undoubtedly understood throughout the village, and followed without question. With this kind of structured society the specific outcome for any turn of events was made clear, the future was made certain – until a new religion was unexpectedly introduced by the Europeans. The white man’s beliefs flooded the land and changed the course of the forthcoming within their society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The invasion of this new way of life brought about changes, both positive and negative, to the Ibo culture. After the Europeans learned more about the culture of how the Africans worked, they built up a school and hospital in hopes to educate the people and create potential leaders. Here, both young and old were taught to read and write, and the results were quickly evident. Court messengers, clerks and even teachers arose from the educated. The schools expanded in other regions also bringing with them the church and religion. Since faith was the foundation of their education, those who attended the school were taught the way of the white man, including their beliefs, which helped to spread this new form of religion - Christianity. A certain stability was also derived from this new education. â€Å"If Umuofia failed to send her children to the school, strangers would come from other places to rule them.† (Achebe, p181) Knowledge gained would help the people protect themselves against any outsiders. It would give them a better understanding on how to defend themselves both physically and as a people. Since they were a culture based almost solely on what was known to them from past experiences, and being unsure of the outside, they would have had no defense against any intruders coming into their land. Examples of this are highly evident in the case of the white man coming in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The introduction of such a religion also brought about many â€Å"personal† changes, good and bad, to the people of this area. Equality was something unperceived by the Africans. They had a certain standard for living. Some people were considered outcasts by society and forbidden fellowship with the free man; twins were given up to the Evil Forest for death and thought of as evil.

The Toyota Marketing Strategy

[pic] Introduction 1. Introduction Navana Limited stands as the authorized distributor of Toyota cars in Bangladesh, so we have chosen them to make a successful marketing plan on Toyota cars. Our area of concentration was centered on the new model of Toyota Corolla-GLi. This is the latest car of Toyota Corolla that has been recently launched in Bangladesh by Navana Limited in November 2007 at Japan trade fair in Bangladesh. The brand name Corolla of Toyota is well known for producing cars for the common people but this car is an upgraded model of Corolla. [pic] Company Profile 2. Company Profile 2a. Company Overview Toyota Motor Corporation is a multinational corporation headquartered in Japan. Today, Toyota is the world's third largest manufacturer of automobiles. Providing the most reliable automobile for its customer is the Toyota’s specialty. Toyota Motor Corporation recently celebrated its 70 years both as a carmaker and half a century of selling cars in America. In 2007 Toyota sold 8. 52m vehicles and its net income rose by 20% and become $14 billion. Moreover Toyota is aiming to sell 10. 4m vehicles in 2009. In Bangladesh it is the most popular automobile company to the car user and it has almost 70% market share in our country. It is always interested to get the attention of the young generation, family people, working executives, service holders, business people, in one word all kind of people. â€Å"Its mission† is to predict consumer trends and create a lineup of cars and trucks to capitalize on them. Each professional is expected to spend time out in the field talking to car buyers. The Japanese have a name for it: genchi genbutsu – go to the scene and confirm the actual happenings. With Toyota, one thing has never changed that their commitment to the communities where they do business. Toyota spends over billions of billion on R, design, manufacturing, sales and marketing operations. Over the world they have sales /service offices, financial service offices, R centers, holding company, manufacturing facilities, design centers, Hino operation facilities, Supplier state etc. 2b. History Kiichiro Toyoda, founder of the toyota Motor Corporation, was born in 1894. His father Sakichi Toyoda became famous as he inventor of the automatic loom. Inheriting the spirit of research and creation from his father, Kiichiro devoted his entire life to the manufacturing of cars, which was an unknown frontier at that time. In 1933, Toyoda Automatic Loom Works created a new division devoted to the production of automobiles under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda. Kiichiro Toyoda had traveled to Europe and the United States in 1929 to investigate automobile production. After years of hard work, he finally succeeded in completing the A1 prototype vehicle in 1935. That was the beginning of the history of the Toyota Motor Corporation. Toyoda Automatic Loom Works was encouraged to develop automobile production by the Japanese government and Model AA passenger car was the first production model of Toyota in 1936. [pic] Replica of the Toyota Model AA, the first production model of Toyota in 1936 Toyota Motor Co. was established as an independent and separate company in 1937. The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles. Toyota also owns and operates Lexus and Scion brands. Toyota is headquartered in Aichi, Nagoya and in Tokyo. In addition to manufacturing automobiles, Toyota provides financial services through its division Toyota Financial Services and also creates robots. 2c. Product Line of Toyota Toyota operates in Bangladesh through Navana Group, under Navana Limited. The product line of Toyota’s brand new cars, that are marketed by Navana Limited and are available in Bangladesh are: 1. TOYOTA Yaris 2. TOYOTA Corolla GLi 3. TOYOTA CAMRY 4. TOYOTA Avanza 5. TOYOTA Rav4 6. TOYOTA Fortuner 7. TOYOTA Prado 8. TOYOTA Land Cruiser 9. TOYOTA Hilux 10. TOYOTA Dyna 11. TOYOTA Hiace 12. TOYOTA Coaster [pic] Current marketing situation 3. Current marketing situation There is a huge market for automobile industry worldwide. In this global earth people need to communicate with others each and every minute. Transportation is one way that facilitates communication. The market demand for cars rise and fall time to time, but the demand never fell to the ground. The current market situation of cars is a little unstable for the fact that oil price has risen significantly worldwide that has resulted in a decrease of car sale worldwide. The same has also affected the Bangladeshi market. Different car dealers have reported that car sale has dropped significantly from last year, 2006-2007. There is also a rise in the car due to increase in cost of production. The steel price has risen significantly worldwide. Japan, Taiwan, importers of steel, are giving 27 to 30% more for buying steels. In Bangladesh, the government’s rules and regulation imposed on import, duty and tax has also caused the market of cars to decrease. [pic] Product Profile 4 . Product profile 4 a. Mission, Vision, Objectives & Goal Mission: The mission is to create a luxury vehicle that could go head to head with the world’s best automobiles. Vision: Setting new industry standards in operational excellence, market penetration, customer satisfaction and community commitment. Objective: Corolla GLi is clear in its objective to produce the segments most engaging driving dynamics while maintaining the brands traditional ride quality. Goal: From the outset, it is their goal to develop a luxury flagship vehicle that would be recognized as one of the finest cars in the world. 4 b. Products quality and features, design, packaging, brand name, extra services Brand name: Corolla GLi Features And Quality: ? Powerful performance: Responsive and quick to please, the Corolla effortlessly generates the power for driving pleasure, delivering subtly smooth and stable performance. ? Advanced technology: The Corolla generates outstanding power, minimizes its environmental impact, and provides warm reassurance. Wti technology: Based on driving conditions, it optimally changes the open/close timing of the intake valve, contributing to increased torque and output, better fuel economy and reduced Nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon emissions. ? Crash safety body: It is comprised of a high integrity cabin with front and rear crumple zones that help absorb impact energy in a collision. ? Suspension: The Macpherson strut suspension on the front and torsion beam suspension on the rear were fine-tuned to provide excellent stability and control, and ride comfort. Keyless entry system: It lets to lock and unlock the doors from a distance. ? Moon roof: It incorporates one touch mode and a jam-protected system. ? Rear spoiler: The rear spoiler integrated into the trunk lid adds a sporty touch. ? Anti corrosion steel sheeting: The extensive use of anti corrosion steel sheeting protects the Corolla from rust, helping it to keep its goods looks for years to come. ? Immobiliser system: It provides security against theft. The car can only be started when the ID in the electronic matches the ID code in the engine immobiliser system. Fuel Level warning ? Wireless door lock ? Audio – AM/FM, CD Changer, 6 spk. ? Child protector ? Brake control valve – EBD Design ? Highly functional design: The ergonomics-based design of the instrument panel with its easy-to-use switches engages the driver, providing comfortable opera tion that enhances driving enjoyment. Convenient functional features and various integrated storage spaces enhance comfort ? Dynamic and advanced: With its dynamic and advanced design creating a high quality feeling, the Corolla continues winning hearts and minds right around the world. Sophisticated presence: First impressions are compelling. The short-nose, long-deck proportions highlight the advanced sedan styling. Together with its expensive cabin space, it exudes a distinctive presence. ? Generous appearance: The captivating design creates a feeling of great possibility. The wide tread and generous appearance set the stage for the spacious cabin. ? Refined interior details: The Corolla’s attention to details includes the distinctive curved design of the center console, the use of colors and textures, and the quality finish. Brakes: Disc brakes on all four wheels, ventilated on the front, are standard for all grades, giving sure stopping performance. ? Windshield Glass â €“ Green Laminated ? Outside rear view mirror ? Color Oxygen Sensor ? Head Rest – Front & Rear ? Rear Armrest – with Cup holder ? Inside Rear view mirror – Day & Night Colors available in Bangladesh ? Super White 2 ? Silver Metallic ? Blue Metallic ? Turquoise Mica Metallic ? Red Mica Metallic ? Grey Metallic ? Black Mica Packaging: It creates a spacious, comfortable cabin with excellent headroom, together with ample trunk space. Engine: The compact, lightweight engine integrates sophisticated technologies, which contribute to its excellent performance and low fuel consumption. Extra Service ? Immobiliser system: It provides security against theft. The car can only be started when the ID in the electronic matches the ID code in the engine immobiliser system. ? Keyless entry system: It lets to lock and unlock the doors from a distance. ? CD changer 4 c. Products position in the market compare to other product of the company with BCG growth matrix Boston Consulting groups (BCG)’s growth share matrix is a table that gives an idea about about market growth rate compare to relative market share. The market growth rate on the vertical axis indicates the growth rate of the market in which the business operates. And the relative market share on the horizontal axis indicates the market share compare to the other segments. It serves as a measure of the company’s strength in that market segment For BCG growth matrix, we have selected four models of Toyota Cars to analyze GLi’s position in market compare to other models. Models are- 1. Corolla GLi 2. Probox 3. Yaris 4. Crown | |Relative Market Share | | | |High Low | | | | | |Market High | |Growth | |Rate | | | |Low | HighLow High Figure: BCG Growth Matrix Our analysis on Corolla GLi compare to others is described below- Star: According to our observation, Probox falls into the position of Stars in the matrix table. Recently, Probox has reached at peak point in terms of selling. That is why their market growth rate is very high as well as market share. From the Bangladesh perspective, the demand of this car has increased so the company is trying to hold this position Question Mark: Corolla GLi falls under the category of this position. Because it is totally a new brand in Bangladesh, but has got very rapid sale within a short period of time. Therefore, their market growth rate is in the high position. On the other hand, as a new brand market share is not so high till now. Cash Cow: When market growth rate is low along with high market share then the product fall under this category. From our point of view, Yaris falls in to this position. Because present market growth rate of Yaris is not that much high compare to other though their market share is high. Dogs: In this position, both the market growth rate and market share is low. According to our observation, Crown falls into Dogs position in the matrix table. This is the model, which has less demand in Bangladesh that is why their market share is also low. 4 d. Market segmentation process Market segments are large identifiable groups within a market. There are four basic bases for segmenting consumer market. These variables can be used singly or in combination. These are- 1. Geographic segmentation 2. Demographic segmentation 3. Behavioral segmentation 4. Psychographic segmentation Now, considering Corolla GLi, we find that they also segment their market into groups based on the above segmentations. For this segmentation process, firstly they study the market and customers demand. They complete this process by analyzing the competitors’ products, segmentation as well as customers demand. The process is described below- Geographic segmentation: It is the process of dividing the market into different geographical units, such as country, city, nation, state, region etc. The company can operate in one or few geographic areas, or operate in all but pay attention to local variations. From Corolla GLi’s point of view that they segment their market based on – †¢ Country: In order to cover the whole world’s market they launch their product in different countries. To do so, in 2007 they first launch this model in Bangladesh. City: After selecting the country, they target those cities where they find more customer demands and wants. They actually select the cities after analyzing the purchasing power, living standard and so on. Demographic Segmentation: In this segmentation the market is divided in to groups on the basis of variables such as age, family size, life cycle, gender, income, occupation, education etc. These variables are the most popular bases for distinguishing customer groups. From corolla GLi point of view, they segment their market depending on income and occupation mostly and others have less affect in this segmentation part. As we know that they firstly go for market study to know customers demand as well as their purchasing power. For this purpose, they target those customers who have high income as well as in top position in their occupation to match whether they can afford this car or not. Behavioral segmentation: In this segmentation buyers are divided in to groups on the basis of their knowledge, attitude toward the product, use of, or response to a product. The behavioral variables are occasions, benefit, user status etc. If we look at the Corolla GLi’s segmentation process, we can see that they mainly focus on benefit variables and customers attitude toward the products. In benefit variables consumers actually look for products quality, services, economy, and speed. Therefore, corolla GLi is providing high quality, extra ordinary services along with high economic value to meet the customer demands. Moreover some customer’s attitude is to prefer branded products. They are basically quality concern people not price sensitive. Psychographics segmentation: In this segmentation the market is divided in to groups on the basis of life style, personality and social class. As we have mentioned earlier that GLi is a branded product targeting the upper class people so social class, life style, and personality play an important role in this segmentation. The people who are in the upper class and lead a luxurious life style they want such type of car that represent their status, image and pride in the society. Here corolla GLi holds all the characteristics that make satisfy these groups of customers. In addition, the customers who are ambitious, outgoing, demanding, compulsive and want to show a unique image may also buy this car as a symbol of attractiveness. Thus these four basic parts of segmentation process helps them to identify the proper customer demands and market. 4 e. Target market selection process After the segmentation process marketers identify one or more selected areas to enter into the market, this is known as target market selection process. There are different patterns of target market selecting. These are- 1. Single segment concentration: Producing one product for one selected market. 2. Selective specialization: Offering different product for different market. Here, one sector can be covered by other. 3. Product/service specialization: Offering one product for all groups of people in order to minimize cost. 4. Market specialization: Offering different product for one selected market. 5. Full market coverage: Marketers try to cover full market by offering different products for different market. After analyzing the five patterns of target market selection, we can say that Corolla GLi follows the Single segment concentration. Because- ? They don’t have any other sub model of GLi. It indicates that they are producing only one product. ? Also they are producing this product targeting only one group of people, which are the upper class people. From Corolla GLi point of view, they select their target market by considering the customer’s demand like- what feature, design, and benefit they want. Last of all, they try to match these with the customer ability and purchasing power. As it is mentioned earlier that they are following single segment concentration so the benefits for selecting this pattern are mentioned below- ? Through the Single segment concentration, marketers gain a strong knowledge of the segments need and achieve a strong market presence. ? With the help of Single segment concentration they can increase their sale, which can earn a high return on its investment. 4 f. Types of Consumer behavior Buying Behavior is the decision processes and acts of people involved in buying and using products. There are four typical types of buying behavior based on the type of products that intends to be purchased. These are- Complex buying behavior: It is a buying behavior where the individual purchases a high value brand and seeks a lot of information before the purchase is made. In this process, buyer first develops belief about the product then develops attitude about the product and lastly makes a thoughtful choice. Variety-seeking buying behavior: It is a buying behavior where the individual likes to shop around and experiment with different products. Here brand switching occurs for the sake of variety rather than dissatisfaction and look for cheaper price. Dissonance-reducing buying behavior: It is a buying behavior when buyer is highly involved with the purchase of the product. There exists little difference between existing brands, so customers become confused. Habitual buying behavior: It is a buying behavior where the individual buys a product out of habit e. g. a daily newspaper, sugar or salt etc. After analyzing the above point it is quite clear that Corolla GLi car buyers are following complex buying behavior, because they are highly involved in purchase and aware of significant difference among brands. We know that this car is expensive, risky and self- expressive so buyer buy infrequently. Furthermore, this type of customers buy car by differentiating the products with other significant brands like- Mercedes, BMW. Here, Corolla marketers also compare their product with BMW, Mercedes. Mainly, customers are concern about brand not price so they look for brand’s benefits and quality, which will show the symbol of pride, status in the society. 4 g. Steps in the consumer buying behavior Consumer Buying Behavior: It refers to the buying behavior of final consumers- individual and households, who buy goods and services for personal consumption. There are five steps by which consumer buying behavior pass through- Fig: Steps of consumer buying behavior Likewise, to buy Corolla GLi consumers may through all the steps. These are explained below- Need Recognition: In this step a consumer become aware of a problem or need. As we have mentioned earlier that Corolla GLi is a car of status, reputation, image and so on. When people reach that level where they feel to have such a prestigious car, they are in the need recognition stage. So they want such a brand new car, which will higher up their position in the society as well as match with their societal status. Information Search: When customers become aware of the need, they go for information search. They can collect information from various sources, such as personal, commercial, public sources etc. In personal sources, they can collect reliable information from their friends and others who have Corolla GLi or may know well about this car. ? They also can go for visiting Toyota show rooms in order to collect more accurate information, which refers as commercial sources. ? Print & elect ronic media, advertisement, billboard, Internet etc can also act as public sources in order to provide information to customers. Evaluation of Alternatives: In this stage, the consumers form preferences among the brands in the choice set. After completing the information search stage, customers look for competitive brand information by which they can evaluate the brands with each others. Here customers also evaluate Corolla GLi with other brand new cars and try to find out significant differences among them. They compare the brand image, features, services, speed, design, and other facilities and benefits among the alternatives. Purchase Decision: After completing the evaluation process, the select the most preferred brand which is suitable for them and then they decide to buy the product. In the case of Corolla Gli, after evaluating all the alternatives the pick Corolla GLi as it is fitted from all perspective. Attitudes of others who already have Corolla GLi, plays an important role to take the purchase decision. And then go for final consumption. Post-purchase Behavior After purchasing the product, consumers will experience some level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. In the case of Corolla Gli, consumer may try to figure out their satisfaction level. Whether the car’s perceived performance is satisfactory or not. 4 h. Product Life cycle stage determination [pic] Corolla GLi was launched in November 2007 in Bangladesh it went through the introduction stage with great success and now it is in the growth stage the features, quality and brand name of the car are attracting more and more potential buyers day by day. 4 i. SWoT analysis SWOT stands for internal Strengths and Weaknesses and external Opportunities and Threats. It is used to gauge the degree of â€Å"fit† between the organizations’s strategies and its product and to suggest ways in which the organization can profit from strengths and opportunities and shield itself against weaknesses and threats. [pic] Strengths ? Brand new product ? It represents luxurious life style and symbol of status. ? Showing reliability by the company name Toyota. ? Using WT-i technology Weakness ? Since it is one of the models of corolla so some people may have misperception about GLi as a new brand. ? Because of the mentioned reason also GLi still don’t have own Brand image. ? No product line and variation in model. Opportunities ? Offering product, which is equivalent to other luxuries car. ? Attracting new customer by providing quality product. Threat Entrance of new competitors. ? Government regulations (new or revised). [pic] Pricing for Corolla Gli 5. Pricing for Corolla Gli 5a. Price A firm sets prices when it develops a new product, whe n it introduces its regular product into a new distribution channel or geographical area, when it adds new features in the product, etc. Price is the only element in the marketing mix that generates revenue the other element generates cost. Price is considered as the major determinant of buyer choice especially in the poorer nation and with commodity type products. Companies set their prices in different ways based on cost, value, competitors, customers, etc. Each pricing strategy is different from the. Cost based pricing strategy is where the organization set prices based on cost of production with that amount a certain markup is added for the profit and the product is sold. Competitors based pricing strategy depends on the price of the competitors what they would charge for the product for this pricing strategy the organization either charges same or low price than the competitors. 5b. Pricing strategy of Toyota Corolla Gli Toyota mainly follows cost based pricing strategy for the entire car it manufactures for the luxurious car it follows both cost based pricing strategy and value based pricing strategy. They deliver the value promised by their value proposition and the customer perceives the value. To communicate and enhance perceived value in buyers mind Toyota uses other marketing mix elements such as advertising and sales force. Value based pricing depends on the product performance, quality, features, customer service, etc. For Corolla GLi Toyota uses both cost based and value based pricing strategy as this is one of the most luxurious cars of Toyota. Navana is the only importer in Bangladesh who buys Corolla GLi from Toyota. Initially when the car was launched it was sold at a price of 1950000 taka but now as duty fee has increased and international currency fluctuated the price of Corolla GLi is now 2250000 taka. For the pricing of this car Toyota is also following other pricing strategies they are price skimming strategy which is they are charging maximum price as it is a new product, the demand of this car is already present in other countries and the buyers are also willing to pay any price to buy this car. It is following premium pricing which is charging high price for the high quality car . It is also following the optional product pricing e. g. for with the car Toyota is providing a luxorious comfortable interior with leather seats, cd player, etc. Therefore Final price is determined with all these strategies plus the cost of import, duty fee, the cost of shipment and the markup of Navana. pic] Distribution for Corolla Gli 6. Distribution for Corolla Gli 6a. Distribution or location strategy Most producers do not sell their goods directly to final consumers they use channels or marketing intermediaries to deliver their product to the ultimate consumers. By using intermediaries the cost of the producers and their number of transaction decreases. 6b. Channel dynamics †¢ Conventional marketing system- manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer work as independent system. No one has control over the other. Each member of the channel has separate objectives. †¢ Vertical marketing system- all the members of the channel work as a unified team. Hybrid marketing system- when the product is sold by using more than one channel 6c. Distribution of Toyota Toyota has distributors in almost every country. In Bangladesh the main distributor of Toyota is Navana. Navana performs many functions of Toyota. They gather information about potential and current customers of Bangladesh about the government policy and other external factors and communicate the information to Toyota. They make people of Bangladesh aware of the new cars their features and benefits e. g. to promote Corolla Gli Navana used print media, internet, etc for advertisement. They communicate with the customers dir ectly and sell the cars. As Toyota uses Just-in-time approach to some extent they depend on their distributors as the distributors provide them information about customers demand or about the cars of the competitors and Toyota produce their cars accordingly. Toyota and Navana together follows the Vertical marketing system where they work as a unified team. If Toyota wants to launch a new car in Bangladesh they provide Navana with all the information about the car Navana then analyzes the current marketing situation about the competitors and orders as per demand which is then delivered after 5months through shipment. Navana is an exclusive distributor of Toyota they are given full authority to sell the cars of Toyota. [pic] Promotional tools 7. Promotional tools Every company has to sell their products to their desire customers. For that they need to communicate with them. In this circumstances every company use some promotional tools to sell their product. As Toyota selling specialty product GLI car, they are also using some promotional tools to capture more and more market share. 7 a. Objective of promotional activity Toyota has some certain objectives behind their promotional activities. Those ares- ? Giving information about the product ? What’s new in features and benefits ? Trying to create brand value of GLI ? Ultimate increase of market share 7 b. Promotional tools of corolla GLI Toyota using three basic promotional tools to promote Corolla GLI. ? Advertising ? Personal selling ? Direct marketing Advertising Advertising is the paid form of non-personal presentation by an individual organization to promote their products towards their customers. Toyota gives advertisement of their product through different media to promote their products towards their customers. Toyota using paper and bill board for their advertising. They go for billboards which are situated in Bijoy Shoroni, Manik Mia Avenue, Kamal Ataturk Avenue, Gulshan 1 & 2, infront of Shonargoan Hotel, Dhanmondi 27, Newmarket. In Chittagong – Newmarket, Port city, Nasira bad and Kulshi etc. Personal selling Toyota using personal selling tools to sell and promote corolla GLI. Personal selling is the direct way to connect with customers. Toyota first introduce GLI in Japan trade fair, it’s a way of personal selling. Also Under personal selling they go for corporate selling and they target bank and company high ranked personalities to buy their product. It’s a very effective form of selling corolla GLI. Direct marketing Direct marketing is another tool that used by Toyota to aware about GLI to their customers. Direct marketing is way of marketing where, there are no physical contacts with the customers. They did E-mail campaign to promote GLI as direct marketing. 7 c. Media used by Toyota As Toyota wants to sell their product GLI, they use some media to provide their message to their desired customers. Toyota uses both personal and nonpersonal communication channels to promote GLI. ? Personal communication channels Personal communication channels involve two or more person communicating directly with each other face to face, person to audience, over the phone or through mail, where company get the opportunity to receive feedback from customers etc. To promote GLI Toyota uses face to face, person to audience and mail as personal communication channels. Also word of mouth behavior acting as personal communication channel. ? Nonpersonal communication channels Nonpersonal communication include media, atmosphere and event, where no face to face communication occur. Moreover no opportunity to get feedback from the customers. Toyota uses print media, bill boards, car show etc as nonpersonal communication channel. 7 d. Media budget One of the most difficult marketing decision is determining how much to spend on promotion. There are some common methods of determining media budget. Those are affordable method, percentage on sales method, competitor’s parity method and objective and task method. From these Toyota is using a combine approach of affordable and objective-task method. But before that they are estimating the budget depending on product life, quantity and brand value. For GLI, Navana the authorized distributor of Toyota budgeted 20-30 lakh for the current year. 7 e. Advertisement effect on sales Toyota marked GLI as a successful project in Bangladesh. To become successful Toyota is doing a lot of promotional activities. They also found positive effect on their sales from their promotional activities. As a result they able to sell 300 to 350 Gli car within 8 months. It’s a great achievement in term of selling luxury sedan. Toyota is very successful in term of their promotional activities. Also they use different types of promotional tools to become successful in Bangladeshi competitive car selling market. [pic] Problem Identification Car is marked as specialty product and also perceived as luxurious product in our country. So it’s a bit difficult to maintain a luxurious product like Toyota GLI in every segment of marketing. Although it’s a very successful project of Toyota in Bangladesh but they faced some problems. 1. Perceived value of corolla in customers mind Customers of Bangladesh perceived that corolla is a brand of common people. As GLI is a sedan of corolla segment, customers perceived that it’s not a high branded car. Although it is a corolla segment car but it is a high grade car of corolla then other corolla cars. As customers think it is a common brand car they don’t want to buy it on that amount of value. So it’s become a huge marketing problem for corolla GLI. 2. Brand name GLI Basically GLI doesn’t have any meaning. But customers want to know the meaning of it. So it creates some sort of problem to give the proper answer of meaning of GLI. 3. High price GLI is a car of high grade, so it’s a high price car. As more people wants to buy affordable car they don’t want to buy it at a high price. Also some don’t want to buy a corolla branded product at a high value. So the high price of the car creates some sort of problem. 4. Off stock delivery time Toyota uses Just in time inventory system. So they manufacture product only on demand. If the stock of GLI car comes to an end then it needs 120 day to delivery the product again through shipment. So off stock delivery time is a problem of Toyota for any car as well for GLI. 5. Rapid growth of competitors high branded cars Previously, the Bangladeshi car market was captured by Toyota. But in term of luxurious and high branded car, now Nissan, Honda and Mitsubishi entered the market with a great deal. So market becomes competitive and it’s a new problem for Toyota in Bangladeshi market. 6. Import of recondition cars Huge amount of recondition cars are importing from Japan to our country. So the new branded cars are loosing their appeal in the market. 7. Unstable car import and duty law and regulation Car import and duty law is very unstable in our country. It creates hazard for the company to do their business smoothly. Toyota is facing some problems regarding GLI. They are also trying their best to solve those problems. Moreover they marked these problems positively and from the GLI experience they will able to avoid these hazards for their up coming projects. 9. Recommendations 1. Customers perceived value- To overcome this situation marketers need to increase the brand value of Corolla GLi. They can increase brand value by adding more features than other Corolla cars, or even compared to the competitors same level cars. They can utilize the brand equity of Toyota cars that prevails in the market. They can highlight the brand GLi besides Toyota Corolla. They can differentiate GLi from other Corolla. They can differentiate GLi from other Corolla line extensions by highlighting the existing features. They can introduce new designs in terms of color, body kits etc; new features and also extra facilities. 2. High price- As the price of Corolla GLi is high; to overcome this situation marketers can add more value to the product rather than cutting the price. They can have value addition to the product- a. perceived value in terms of brand image. b. tangible value- marketers can introduce new features and design by producing new colors, body kits etc. They can avail more extra facilities and benefits in the car. 3. Though the management philosophy of Toyota that is the Just-in- time approach is not a current problem but rather is referred as a potential problem in the long run. Our recommendation would be to study and be informed about the market demand all the time to avoid any situation of being out of stock. 4. The rapid growth of competitors branded cars is a great threat to Toyota worldwide as well as in Bangladesh. The marketer should always be aware of bringing in, what are the benefits that will be available etc and plan accordingly to reduce the threat of being out of model or even out of market. References & Bibliography www. amartoyota. com www. toyota. com www. toyotahistory. com www. toyotacarzone. com Marketing Management-Philip Kotler 11th edition, Prentice Hall Advertising Principle & Practice – William Wells and Sandra Moriarty, 7th edition, Prentice Hall. www. bdnewspaper. com ———————————————- ———————– Star (Probox) Question Mark (Corolla GLi) Cash Cow (Yaris) Dogs (Crown) H igh Low Involvement Involvement Significant difference Between brands Few difference Between brands Complex Buying Variety Seeking buying Habitual buying Dissonance Reducing Buying Purchase Decision Post-purchase Behavior Evaluation of Alternatives Information Search Need Recognition Time Product Develop- ment Introduction Profits Sales Growths Maturity Decline Losses/ Investments ($) Sales and Profits ($) GLi

Voltaire’s Candide Relevant to Modern Society

Dimattia, Devin English 12 AP Period 2 Gonzalez 10-5-11 Does Voltaire’s Candide connect to Modern Society? The tone and theme of Candide, a classic work of literature, make the novel relevant to today's modern world. These two elements of the story bring the classic to life for new generations to relate to as they read it. The satiric story unites a new generation of modern readers to a historical past as they identify with both the theme and tone of the novel as a whole. The tone of Voltaire's highly satirical work is humorously hopeless, and the tone is humorous because Candide and his fellow characters grasp the idea, set forth by the philosopher Pangloss, that â€Å"everything is for the best† and there is â€Å"the best of both possible worlds. † This blind optimism is negated time after time through the misfortunes that Candide and the rest of the story's characters experience, yet the characters press on with their hopelessly positive attitudes throughout their lives. When confronted with the bleak realities of the horrors of life by a scholar, Candide only replies, â€Å"I've seen worse, but a wise man, who later had the misfortune to be hanged, taught me that such things are exactly as they should be: they're the shadows in a beautiful picture. † This tone is achieved by the horrific events that the characters of Candide endure and their disinclination to accept the idea that, maybe, they really are doomed, and not all is actually for the best. The reader is inclined to give up on hope long before any of the characters do. For example, Candide loses his beloved Pangloss and the kind Anabaptist on his journey to the utopian Eldorado, gets beaten and whipped, kills more than one person, and suffers numerous other misfortunes while still concluding that all is still for the best because he can still find Cunegonde. After Pangloss is hanged, dissected, beaten, and made to row in a galley, he still believes that everything is for the best. Candide asks him, â€Å"Tell me, dear Pangloss †¦ id you still think that everything was for the best in this world? † And Pangloss replies, â€Å"I still hold my original opinions†. He goes on to say that his reasoning is due to the fact that he is a philosopher and it would be wrong to take back what he had said. Also, at the end of the novel, Candide, Cunegonde, Pangloss, and the Old Woman all decide that they are well-off where they are and that they may as well tend the ir garden, disregarding every horrible thing that they have had to experience in their pasts. Pangloss portrayed this best when he said to Candide at the end, â€Å"All events are inter-connected in this best of all possible worlds, for if you hadn't been driven from a beautiful castle with hard kicks in the behind because of your love for Lady Cunegonde, if you hadn't been seized by the Inquisition, if you hadn't wandered over America on foot, if you hadn't thrust your sword through the baron, and if you hadn't lost all your sheep from the land of Eldorado, you wouldn't be here eating candied citrons and pistachio nuts. This final note of proof of their perpetual optimism is consistent with the tone, where Cunegonde is ugly, the Old Woman is disagreeable, and none of the characters are very happy, yet they all continue to busy themselves with something to do and continue being hopeful. â€Å"The whole group entered into this commendable plan, and each began to exercise his own talents. The theme of Candide is that life is utterly unfair and will continue to give everyone a rough time despite a person's attitude of hope or a faith in everything being for the best. This prominent theme is shown over and over again as Candide and his companions suffer innumerable misfortunes and tragedies even through the existence of their collectively strong belief that everything will turn out for the best. Each character is traumatized and miserable most of the time. Some are even thought to be dead several times. By the end of the novel, the reader is almost in awe that Candide and the others have not given up on life entirely. The reader ultimately sees that it is hopeless to think that things will turn out well for the characters. However, it is also impossible to believe that they will not continue to live, learn, and try to be happy nonetheless.

Concentrate On Integrated Resorts Tourism Essays

Concentrate On Integrated Resorts Tourism Essays Concentrate On Integrated Resorts Tourism Essay Concentrate On Integrated Resorts Tourism Essay to halt job gamblers and the local people because of fiscal troubles to come in the Singapore casino. Several groups, its including the Muslim and Christian communities and societal militants, all of them expressed they are non back up to setup it. Because some of them worries it will convey the negative societal impact of casino gaming every bit good as gap of doors to unwanted activities.Its including money laundering, pilferingg and so on. So when the authorities decided to construct two Integrated Resort.Singapore make some regulations to command that and repair in topographic point to minimise the possible societal reverberations ( survey theoretical account 2011 ) In order to cover with the drawback of the casino, there are some methods has been done. First, $ 100 entry levy is imposed on Singaporeans and Permanent Residents to discourage insouciant gamblers. since 2009 exclusion orders have besides been introduced, to halt potency job of gambler making societal ailments. NCPG has been setup by the Ministry of Community Development, The authorities to cover with the predicted inflow of job gamblers, Though the community service to cut down the gaming job.Such as persons, households and society ( NCPG, 2009 ) . By June 2011, NCPG has banned 47,178 people come ining the casino, including aliens and locals people. This shows that a important a batch of people are cognizant of the badness of chancing dependence, so they want to subscribe up for self-exclusion or except their household people. Particularly, there has been risen, a great trade of aliens using for self-exclusion. By June 2011, more than 12,600 aliens applied to except themselves come ining the casino. In November 2010. Many are male foreign workers, whose employers have helped them use for self-exclusion. This could be in visible radiation of an increasing figure of foreign workers sing the casinos, and employers want to forestall them from acquiring addicted to chancing ( Singapore walk 2011 ) Additionally, the figure of gamblers seeking aid at reding Centres has risen. Harmonizing to reding Centres gambler halt their bad behaviour this reduced the stigma for job gamblers seeking guidance. In the long tally, this could be good for those were antecedently ashamed to seek guidance. Singapore s offense rate has remained reasonably changeless ; Compared to other states with casinos, the casino-related offense rate Singapore rate is considered low, merely 0.3 % of all offenses instances. In Macau last twelvemonth, offenses linked to its 33 casinos made up 15 % of all offense instances reported, a significantly higher figure. Singapore constabularies nabbed 112 people for casino-related offenses within the first twelvemonth of the Iintegrated Resort operation, most being junior-grade offenses. Yet, some critics caution that as the Iintegrated Resort have merely been in operation for a short period of clip, it is excessively early to seting it whether the Iintegrated Resort consequence offense rate addition in Singapore. ( academia 2011 ) In wholly incorporate resort is safe for Singapore it have non evidently increase in chancing dependence within Singapore. Although there have been increased of job gaming, there are adequate steps in topographic point to control them. Exclusion orders ban chancing nuts come ining the casinos or a $ 100 fee to halt the locals people come ining the casinos, and societal safety cyberspaces like reding will supply service for those who want to seek aid for chancing jobs. ( academia 2011 ) Integrated resort non merely about the society and legal it more comparative about environment. Quality of the environment, both natural and man-made is indispensable to touristry. However, the relationship is complex between touristry s and environment. It involves many activities that can take to environmental effects. Many of these impacts are connexion the building of general substructure such as roads and airdromes and touristry installations including resorts, hotels, eating houses, stores, and marinas. The negative impacts of the development of the two IR can bit by bit destruct the environmental resources. These impacts include traffic jam and impacting the life wonts of the local people. For illustration in the MRT station, the local people used to waiting the riders left the train before they enter, but now the visitants has broken their regulations. Singaporean is kicking that the aliens ever hotfooting in the train before they leave. so authorities do a batch of things to equilibrate them. For illustration during twelvemonth 2011 to 2012 so many tourers come to Singapore, the authorities knows how to scatter the crowd and traffic jam. At the same clip the authorities besides makes Torahs to keep the behaviour of people, particularly for tourers the authorities posted marks warn in the tourer country. Luxor Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, it is a metropolis, is a complete capable design of big resort hotels. Luxor Hotel s name comes from a celebrated antediluvian Egyptian metropolis of Luxor, the hotel began in 1991, opening in October 15, and 1993.The merely alone hotel in the universe is the universe s largest atrium, which is a existent hoarded wealth of Egypt. All the great ancient Egypt is an astonishing show of Posada De Las Vegas Hotel and Casino in Luxor: its immense LANDMARK TOWER in the universe s most powerful visible radiation is seen from infinite, and high velocity lift running diagonally inclined cone, the Luxor Hotel Pyramid and the form of edifices with a sum of 4407 suites, it is located in the tower wall and widen East and the West tower. The Luxor Hotel is located at the southern terminal of the Las Vegas Strip, on the opposite side of the Matalan international airdrome. Leave the Hotel At Mandalay Bay Hotel, following to Excalibur Hotel Casino, all of them ain free TRAM interoperability. Three hotel built by the Mandalay industrial group, the group in June 2004 by MGM group acquired. Posada De Las Vegas Hotel Luxor is most likely to be cognizant of the hotel, because the top of Pyramids Hotel laser straight to the sky at dark when the aircraft is in flight procedure even if far off as 440 kilometres pilot still can mistily see the most deserving mentioning is the United States of America on chancing support policy, make hotel gaming prosperity for illustration, Nevada s casino and bet oning countries are out-of-bounds to people younger than 21. When Bella opened 1998 October in Las Vegas, forbiding clients who are under the age of 18, unless they are invitees in the hotel enrollment topographic point ; this policy is the first, although it is non purely enforced today. Race and athleticss wagering $ 2000000000 per twelvemonth. Some gamblers plush treating a Las Vegas Casino, drink and nutrient free composite. ( Oyster 2010 ) Pyramid Hotel was built in the 1990s ; the Sphinx stands in forepart of the hotel, 36-storey hotel with fiberglass building. Egyptian Pharaoh grave pyramid casino copied, practical roller coaster in the universe s largest terrace in the hall, 120 gambling tabular arraies radiating, 1000s of slot machines lined up in this casino has more than 5,000 suites, and there is celebrated casino cabaret, every twenty-four hours, many invitees from around the universe semen here to dance. Pyramid Hotel is a quadrilateral pyramid edifice visual aspect, like the pyramids of Egypt. But the pyramid hotel, see the internal building is really different to most hotels. Four triangular sides are tilted upward, last intersection with vertex. Pyramid Hotel forms such as the pyramids of Egypt, at the underside of each side length of 171 metres, inside a big infinite of 820,000 three-dimensional metres, 4,407 suites are all embedded in the environing wall. The most astonishing thing is that all lift was 39 grades bevel up, I am a long clip watching the lift up and down run. The Glass Menagerie, king of beasts tamer show hall, large-screen 80-screen movie showings throughout the twenty-four hours, leting visitants to experience unusual. Hotel layout is wholly the appeal of the ancient Egyptian manner, and the staff of the ancient Egyptian garb walking. There are so many installation particularly casino it is a chief ground to due the offense so how to command is really of import ( Monarch 2011 ) . For illustration The gambling industry besides talk about moralss and the protection of bush leagues, Luxor adhere to the Code of Conduct of the American Gaming Association ( AGA ) game companies do a responsible Luxor Nevada jurisprudence enforce invitees must be over the age of 21. And committedness: Education in their ain employees to be good versed in the regulations, processs, and policies of the assorted undertakings to assist work out the job, and can be provided to the client, And a strong background in information support and offers elaborate information.It can through a assortment of methods passed on clients, including our website information, the hotel will supply a batch of aid and to allow the clients know our duties on the game and beginnings ; limited assorted alcoholic drinks, at any clip to halt adolescent enter the casino or unattended bush leagues in our casinos to put in monitoring closely monitor, responsible for advertisement, the Foundation is responsible for the research and development of the game, the hotel will be posted Warning marks such as gaming is non the best manner to gain money to work out fiscal troubles or Gambling impact your household and some other helpers like if you need assist, delight name 24-hour confidential helpline or Nevada Parliament chancing job hot line. All of these will be help hotel to maintain safety. To cut down the beginning is the best manner to maintain sustainable.Daylights, air current, fuel cells all of them will salvage energy and cut down unneeded waste. The casino illuming system consumed 30 % of the entire operating costs of the electricity. Bet oning installations, is frequently described as the functional table games or decorated. In recent old ages, brought a important betterment Transformation. Additional illuming transmutation method, consisting the detector and the electronic diping The system, in applicable instances, a important decrease illuming usage. The net Energy Efficiency accrued On the casino floor, the sum of chilling required, as a consequence, cut down the lighting tonss. The illuming retrofits generated cost nest eggs of up to 30 % , due to the decrease of electricity Consumption, labour costs, and replacing bulbs. Lighting on the rate of return on investing ( ROI ) The transmutation is typically short, frequently less than two old ages. In the instance of an old Las Vegas bet oning Facilities, the El Cortez Hotel and Casino, a broad scope of illuming upgrade provides greater And a faster return. In add-on to i lluming to increase visible radiation degrees the upgraded system will cut down energy usage up and costs 40 low efficiency ( Global steward 2011 ) . Wind power is new resource it is most green engineerings emerging today.Wind power are created when air current spins the blades of a air current turbine, which in bend spin a shaft. The shaft connects to a generator that converts this mechanical power into electricity. A clean fuel beginning, the benefits of air current power are many, including its deficiency of pollutants and its trust on a renewal resource-wind. Of class, weave depends on geographics and clime, and is non ever available in certain locations. For air current power to be a feasible option for bet oning installations, steady air currents are required. For illustration, like the casino slot machines, the usage of air current power is a sort of good manner. ( Global steward 2011 ) Fuel cells, an advanced signifier of combined heat and power engineering, convert the chemical energy of a hydrogen-based fuel straight into electricity without burning. Waste heat from the transition procedure can be captured to countervail thermic tonss such as hot H2O and infinite warming. Fuel cell engineering emits fewer C dioxide emanations than that of traditional dodo fuels. For illustration The Engineering section normally use battery like torch. ( Global steward 2011 ) Integrated hotel non merely utilize this green energy they besides need to cut down the invitee usage Disposable tableware such as fictile cutter, cups, spectacless and home bases. It will be a load to the environment. The hotel should be appropriate to increase the usage of some reclaimable goods rate. Like the disposable paper, the IR should replace it with a hankie, so that avoid unneeded waste. This method non merely can salvage the hotel cost, but besides can protect environment. The methods listed above can assist Integrated Resorts to carry through their sustainable development. Therefore, it is indispensable to utilize natural resources to minimise the cost of running the IR and works verdure every bit many as possible to recycle the air. These are the cardinal points to develop a sustainable Integrated Resort.

The Economy and the Impact on Students, Parents and Colleges Coursework

The Economy and the Impact on Students, Parents and Colleges - Coursework Example education and training of the country’s workers. The wage rate of a particular country is affected by the education as well as training of a particular worker. It is a well known fact that a well-trained as well as educated worker is found to be more prolific and tends to earn more money in comparison to illiterate workers. It is the difference in the level of the training that has a propensity to separate the rich as well as poor nations. Most of the employers prefer staffs who tend to be efficient and productive as well as necessitate minimal management. There are various factors that need to be considered by the employer when making plan whether to pay for the employees training or not such as the enhancement of the productivity of the employees, loyalty of the employees and employees commanding a higher wage among others (Sturm, 2012). Most of the workers are found to be enhancing their earning capacity by emphasizing upon their capabilities about a particular job. The emp loyees are found to be interested in learning to operate the new technologies in order to compete for high wages. The employees are supposed to consider numerous factors when taking training. They need to consider the extra productivity that they expect to attain, the cost of training program and the trends in labor market for trained professionals. Most of the countries focus upon the creation of the education system so that they can attain skilled workers. The economy of the country is found to be flourishing with the increment in the number of the educated personnel (Sturm, 2012). Education and Its Impact upon Economy of New Jersey The impact of the recent economic downturn has been hard-hitting in New Jersey. This downturn has compelled the... This essay approves that two factors tend to determine how well a country’s economy will do i.e. education and training of the country’s workers. The wage rate of a particular country is affected by the education as well as training of a particular worker. It is a well known fact that a well-trained as well as educated worker is found to be more prolific and tends to earn more money in comparison to illiterate workers. It is the difference in the level of the training that has a propensity to separate the rich as well as poor nations. Most of the employers prefer staffs who tend to be efficient and productive as well as necessitate minimal management. Most of the workers are found to be enhancing their earning capacity by emphasizing upon their capabilities about a particular job. This report makes a conclusion that there is a considerable impact of education on the economy. With the increase in the number of the educated personnel in a particular economy, there is rise in the economy as well. It is the knowledge as well as the dexterity of the workers accessible in the labor market that determine the growth of the businesses as well as the economy. The economies possessing supply of skilled personnel brought up by means of school and college education and training is capable of capitalizing on this through creation of value added industries. The workers with high college degrees earn relatively high wages in comparison to the ones without college degrees. Hence, it is significant for the economy to place greater emphasis upon the training and education of the citizens.

How leadership communication differs from conventional management Essay

How leadership communication differs from conventional management communication - Essay Example Many leaders believe that they have communicated once they say something; if the person being directed to do something does not do it unintentionally, it means there was no communication because the receiver did not get the message. Communication is complete only if the receiver understood the message (Daft and Lane 261). In communication, what you hear is equally important to what you say, so communication is a two-way process. A leader is somebody who guides, directs, and motivates people. Leaders should have powers to motivate employees is an organization or people in a community to work together to achieve desired goals. Leadership and management are similar, and they differ in some ways: they both involve working with people, concern about effective management, and other related characteristics. In leadership communication, a leader must communicate effectively. Leaders spend most of their time communicating with the employees; it has been found that communication takes over 70 percent of leaders’ time per day (Daft and Lane 261). Leadership communication to employees or people he/she is in charge of is always transparent, trustful, and open while conventional management communication is normally a directive to the subjects about what needs to be done. This is because leaders are innovators, and they always want to further their innovation while managers are employed to administer the directives that will see the organization grow. A leader should do things he/she believes will help the organization progress. Leaders focus on employees while managers focus on both the customers and employees. Management communication is more consistent than leadership communication. This is because the management in an organization is always in touch with employees since they are in charge of running day-to-day functions and ensuring that the staff performs to the required limit; hence, they are giving directions all the time, unlike leadership, which is not always in touch with employees: they always offer policy decision and they are responsible for overall performance of the organization and its future (Daft and Lane 261). Conventional management communication is informative while leadership communication is not informative. Informative communication only informs the subject of what needs to be done while non-informative communication influences the thoughts, feelings, and actions of the subject, which is what is required from a leader. Leadership communication should be spelled out courageously; if communication is open and honest, it might contain some mistakes, but the mistakes will be better than uninspiring communications. If as a leader you do not have an answer to a question or a problem, admit that you cannot respond, and the employees will respect you believing that you are honest. Management communication should be specific while leadership communication can be changed. Specific communication is simple and concise and not confusin g. Managers should always be at the point and should avoid going around. With brevity and clarity, it will make employees obey time and become disciplined. In leadership communication, the message can be changed; this strategy will prevent the message from going bad. Since leadership is meant to spearhead the organization into the future, the leader’s message should be acceptable to everybody in order to push the